|
Drug data compiled from
Food and Drug Administration
and drug datasheets.
FROM USDA:
Sec. 615.300
Responsibility for Illegal Drug Residues in
Meat, Milk, and Eggs (CPG 7125.05)
"Our
policy is to hold responsible any individual in
the production and marketing chain who can be
shown to have been responsible for having
"caused" (by any act of commission or omission)
illegal drug residues in edible animal
products."
Table of
Contents to Drugs in Horsemeat:
|
|
Cautions and
Incidents
Horsemeat
contaminated with harmful drugs,
disease, or illegally labeled |
Horsemeat illegally sold as other
forms of meat
2/21/07 Authorities in Peru seize 3
tons of horsemeat that was
being sold to unsuspecting consumers as beef.
In 2002 a Calgary, Canada a retail
chain food market was
found guilty of selling horsemeat labeled as beef.
Equine Infectious Anemia in
horsemeat
It's not a drug, but a disease.
EIA, Equine Infectious Anemia, and the "virus
reproduces in the liver, spleen, kidneys, heart,
cardiovascular system, and other organs in the horse's
body. When an infected horse dies or is destroyed,
lesions can also be found in the lymph nodes, and even
in the nervous system." What does
Mississippi State University recommend an
owner to do with these horses? "Should a horse be
identified as positive, the owner has three options.
First, the horse can be humanely destroyed; second,
it can be sold for slaughter; or third, the horse
can be quarantined." In other words, the horsemeat
that is being eaten could be taken from an infected
horse.
EIA found in horse spleen.
African Horse Sickness transmitted to dogs eating
infected horsemeat.
Borna Disease virus and the consumption of raw horse
meat.
If you eat horse meat, you should
be concerned about the deadly
Hendra Virus. Transmitted
to people through tissue or secretions of infected
horses, either by injection or orally, it has a
high incidence of mortality. Australian
veterinarian hospitalized on 8/26/07 for infection
contacted while performing autopsy on infected
Thoroughbred.
Listeria in horsemeat
Trichinosis in horsemeat
Numerous outbreaks of human trichinellosis in France
and Italy stem from horsemeat and result in
hospitalization. Random testing
found trichinellosis present in varying degrees on
carcass locations of infected horses. Still, the
meat was released for human consumption.
Trichinosis: How long does it remain in horsemeat
following slaughter?
These
data demonstrate that infective T. spiralis, a
non-freeze tolerant species, can survive for at least 4
weeks in horse tissue frozen at −5 or −18 °C,
...
Trichinosis transmitted through horsemeat.
Found in France in
1997 and
1985.
"In spite of all prevention measures, a
new outbreak of trichinosis occurred in 1993 and was
responsible for more than 500 cases. This
outbreak was due to a horse carcass that was marked
“trichinella free” and was originally from a
slaughterhouse of North America. This outbreak
questioned the screening techniques in place at that
time. The origin of these horses’ infection remained
unknown."
Trichinosis outbreak among Yugoslavian immigrants in
England in 1999 traced to horsemeat.
Cadmium in horse liver and kidneys may render those
tissues unsafe for human consumption.
Trichinella -
larvae of species of worm. Causes Trichinosis
through ingestion of infected meat. Outbreaks in
France in 1985
traced to horsemeat originating from U.S. slaughterhouse.
Toxoplasma gondii - Toxoplasmosis, common in many
animals used for food. Can survive in tissue cysts
for many years.
Salmonella
Salmonella in imported horsemeat in France in 2003.
Drugs in Horsemeat
Horse May Be Hazardous - You are
what you eat (or what's in what you eat, if it happens
to be horsemeat) Phenylbutazone (bute) in horsemeat.
Care for a drink with your dinner?
Nebraska veterinarian goes on trial for
illegally injecting horses with vodka. It
should be noted that, unless specifically requested and
tested for, substances do not necessarily show up in
testing.
Cobra Venom
injected in harness horse could bring lifetime
suspension for trainers.
Doping in horses. 2004 study shows results
of sampling for drugs in competition horses.
California Horse Industry's legislative
efforts to prevent misuse of medications in show and/or
sale horses.
California Department of Food and Agriculture Equine
Medication Monitoring Program - effective January 1,
2007.
Standardbreds found to have been
injected with Cobra venom and anemia drug, Epogen.
EPO (Epogen) believed to be used in approximately 50%
of the Standardbreds at Monticello Raceway. The
use of the illegal drug is wide spread and the testing
for it is difficult. Thoroughbreds are also being
tested for the drug. EPO can have
deadly side effects and could
promote cancer growth.
Reserpine (also referred to by other brand names
Serpacil, Harmonyl, Raudixin, Rauval, Rauverid, Serpalan,
Wolfina, Novoreserpine, Reserfia) has been used in
competition horses as a
tranquilizer of sorts. Reserpine is a blood
pressure medication, and the
withdrawal period in horses is 45 days.
|
The following drugs, families of drugs, and substances
are
prohibited for extralabel animal and human drug uses in
food-producing
animals.
(1) Chloramphenicol
(2) Clenbuterol
(3) Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
(4) Dimetridazole
(5) Ipronidazole
(6) Other nitroimidazoles
(7) Furazolidone
(8) Nitrofurazone (i.e. dimetridazole,
metronidazole, ipronidazole)
(9) Sulfonamide drugs in lactating dairy cattle
(except
approved use
of sulfadimethoxine, sulfabromomethazine, and
sulfaethoxypyridazine)
(10) Fluoroquinolones
(11) Glycopeptides (i.e. vancomycin)
Additionally:
Dipyrone - Dipyrone-containing
products are not available for either humans or animals,
and not typically included on prohibited lists. Old
stockpiles of the drug, however, do occasionally
surface. Any use of dipyrone in food animals remains a
violation of the Food Drug and Cosmetic Act.
Phenylbutazone added to the
above list in 2003
Gentian Violet
Details on these drugs
in an easy to understand format. |
|
SOME OF THE
more common DRUGS USED IN HORSES
Information from the
Database of Approved Animal Drug Products/FDA
Center for Veterinary Medicine/VMRCVM Drug
Information Lab |
|
Drug
Name |
Horsemeat for
Human Consumption |
Indications of
Use |
|
Acetazolamide |
Material Safety Data Sheet |
used to control symptoms of
HyPP (Paints and Quarter Horses)
*AQHA members oppose proposed
discontinuance of registration for
horses effected with HyPP. Some
members, opposed to the move, state that
they will send these horses to slaughter.
|
|
Agribon Injection 40%,
Albon® |
Horse, not for meat
production |
Respiratory, soft tissue
infections |
|
Agricillin Pen Aqueous,
Aqua-Cillin, Penicillin G Co-op
|
Horse, not for meat
production |
Bacterial Pneumonia |
|
Anaprime®
Suspension |
Horse, not for meat
production |
Arthritis, carpitis,
osselitis |
|
Anthelcide EQ® Suspension |
Horse, not for meat
production. Not for use in horses
intended for human consumption. |
Wormer |
|
Anthelcide EQ® Paste
|
Horse, not for meat
production. Not for use in horses
intended for human consumption. |
Wormer |
|
Banamine® Injectable
Solution
|
Horse, not for meat
production. Not for use in horses
intended for food. |
Pain and inflamation |
|
Baytril (a Fluoroquinolone) |
Fluoroquinolones are
prohibited in food animals.
from the Washington Post:
Lawmakers' Help for Drug Firm Tests
Limits |
Bacterial infections |
|
Benza-Pen |
Not for use in horses
intended for food. |
Bacterial infections |
|
Bimectin™ |
Not for use in horses
intended for food. |
Wormer |
|
Carbocaine®-V Sterile
Aqueous Solution
|
Horse, not for meat
production. Not for use in horses
intended for human consumption. |
Anesthetic |
|
Combi-PEN-48,
Combicillin® (Rx)
|
Horse, not for meat
production |
Bacterial infections |
|
Crysticillin |
Not for use in horses
intended for human consumption. |
Strangles |
|
Dihydrostreptomycin |
Horse, no use class
stated or implied. Discontinued
use 30 days slaughter for food |
Leptospirosis |
|
Dura-biotic, Flo-cillin®
|
Horse, not for meat
production |
Bacterial infections |
|
Equell |
Do not use in horses
intended for human consumption. |
Wormer |
|
Equimax Paste |
Do not use in horses
intended for human consumption. |
Wormer |
|
EQUIMECTRIN® Paste 1.87%,
Eqvalan®, Eqvalan® Paste For Horses,
ZIMECTERIN® Paste 1.87% |
Horse, not for meat
production. Do not use in horses
intended for human consumption. |
Wormer |
|
Equipoise®
|
Horse, not for meat
production.
Do not administer to horses intended for
human consumption. |
As an aid for treating
debilitated horses when an improvement
in weight, hair coat, or general
physical condition is desired. |
|
Equioxx Oral Paste |
Do not use in horses
intended for human consumption. |
Pain and inflamation |
|
Equizone 100™ |
Do not use in horses
intended for human consumption. |
Inflammation |
|
Eqvalan® Oral Liquid,
Eqvalan® Oral Liquid For Horses
|
Horse, not for meat
production. Do not use in horses
intended for human consumption. |
Wormer |
|
Flucort®
Solution |
Horse, not for meat
production |
Inflammation |
|
Flunazine™ |
Horse, not for meat
production |
Inflammation, pain, colic |
|
Flunixin Injection |
Horse, excluding breeding
stock and not for food |
Inflammation and pain,
colic |
|
Flunixin Meglumine
Injection, Flunixin Meglumine Solution |
Not for use in horses
intended for food |
Inflammation and pain,
colic |
|
GastroGard® |
Horse, foals 4 weeks and
older, not for food. Horse, not
for meat production. Do not use in
horses intended for human consumption. |
Treatment of gastric
ulcers |
|
Gentamicin Sulfate Solution, Legacy
Sterile Solution |
Do not use in horses
intended for human consumption. |
Bacterial infections |
|
Gentamicin Sulfate Solution |
Do not use in horses
intended for human consumption. |
Bacterial infections |
|
Gentaglyde Solution |
Do not use in horses
intended for human consumption. |
Bacterial infections |
|
Gentamicin Sulfate Solution |
Do not use in horses
intended for human consumption. |
Bacterial infections |
|
Gentamex 100 |
Do not use in horses
intended for human consumption. |
Bacterial infections |
|
Horsehoer's Secret Thrush
Treatment Aid |
Do not use in horse
intended for human consumption. |
Thrush |
|
Hydrochlorothiazide |
Material Safety Data Sheet |
used to control symptoms of HyPP (Paints
and Quarter Horses) |
|
Hylartin® V
|
Horse, not for meat
production. Do not use in horse
intended for human consumption. |
Joint healing |
|
Isoflurane, USP |
Do not use in horses
intended for human consumption. |
Induction and maintenance
of surgical anesthesia |
|
Ivercide Liquid, Ivermectin Liquid,
Phoenectin Liquid |
Do not use in horses
intended for human consumption. |
Wormer |
|
Ivermectin Paste 1.87 % |
Do not use in horses
intended for human consumption. |
Wormer |
|
Iversol Liquid |
Horse, not for meat
production. Do not use in horses
intended for human consumption. |
Wormer |
|
Jetpen |
Do not use in horses
intended for human consumption. |
Strangles |
|
Kopertox |
Horse, not for meat
production |
Thrush |
|
Lasix® Injectable Solution,
Salix™ Injection 5% |
Horse, not for meat
production.
Do not use in horses intended for human
consumption. |
Diuretic used to control
bleeding in race horses |
|
Naxcel® Sterile Powder
|
Horse, not for meat
production. Do not use in horses
intended for human consumption. |
Treatment of respiratory
infections. |
|
Penicillin G Procaine Aqueous, Sterile
Penicillin G Benzathine |
Horse, not for meat
production |
Bacterial infections |
|
Phoenectin Paste 1.87% |
Do not use in horses
intended for human consumption. |
Wormer |
|
Primectin™
Equine Oral Liquid |
Do not use in horses
intended for human consumption. |
Wormer |
|
Pritox |
Horse, not for meat
production. Pony, not for food. |
Thrush |
|
Pro-Pen G
|
Horse, not for meat
production |
Strangles |
|
Pro-Pen G In Aqueous
Suspension
|
Horse, not for meat
production |
Strangles |
|
Sedivet 1% Injection |
Do not use in horses
intended for human consumption. |
Sedative and analgesic |
|
SparMectin-E |
Not for use in horses
intended for human consumption. |
Wormer |
|
Sulmet® Oblets |
Not for use in horses
intended for human consumption. |
Bacterial pneumonia,
enteritis, strangles |
|
Tribrissen® 48% Injection |
Horse, not for meat
production. Not for use in horses
intended for human consumption. |
Where systemic
anti-bacterial action against sensitive
organisms is required during treatment
of acute strangles, respiratory tract
infections, acute urogenital infections,
and wound infections and abscesses.
|
|
Tribrissen® 400 Oral
Paste |
Horse, not for meat
production. Not for use in horses
intended for human consumption. |
For horses where systemic
antibacterial action against sensitive
organisms is required during treatment
of acute strangles, respiratory
infections, acute urogenital infections,
and wound infections and abscesses. |
|
UlcerGard |
Do not use in horses
intended for human consumption. |
Gastric Ulcers |
|
Zimecterin® Gold Paste |
Horse, foals 2 months and
older, not for food. Do not use in
horses intended for human consumption. |
Wormer |
|
Zimecterin-EZ |
Do not use in horses
intended for human consumption. |
Wormer |
|
More |
Horse, not for meat
production. |
Common medications used
in the treatment and health maintenance
of horses. |
|
|
If horse slaughter
in the U.S. for sale as meat for human consumption to
foreign markets does not alarm you,
please read the following, submitted by someone well versed on
medications in horses.
Consider it carefully.
|
I am in a unique position, having
been a drug rep/ and pharmaceutical advisor for 18 yrs.
to veterinarians. My products include euthanasia
solution and various other popular therapeutic agents. I
have worked closely with equine doctors at many
nationally recognized horse events. I worked on the
Horse Park in ‘96, and most major 3 day events. I have
been an active horse owner and a recent PMU foal
adopter.
The horse slaughter industry is
nothing more than subsidized bad management. It is an
"Enabler" to poor choices and accountability. We don't
get to take our unwanted puppies to the pound and get
paid by the weight to process and euthanize them. They
are not eaten as a delicacy afterwards. One pro
slaughter listed horse meat as a necessary food source,
but everyone calls it a delicacy that is very expensive.
I can honestly tell you that euthanasia solution costs
less than a meal for two at a chain restaurant. The
syringe costs 50 cents. If you have been a good customer
of your vet he should do the euthanasia for around
$125. Just so you know, he may be more nervous about
this than you are. Most equine doctors love horses and
find euthanasia very stressful - from the pharmaceutical
point of view. I know what drugs are being put into
horses and they should never go for human consumption.
Look up the side effects on Isoxsuprine, Clenbuterol,
Trimethsulfa, Gentocin, Lasix, Acepromazine, Xylazine,
Dormosedan, Bannamine, Baytrill 100, Omeprazole,
Dexamethasone, and antihistamines. These are all found
in quantity in a lot of the racing stock; this is just
the legal stuff. Then there is the compounded stuff
like Erythro hip, copper something, iron something - the
list goes on. I wonder what the shippers give them to
get them to the processing plants in one piece? Horses
needing these drugs are usually on their last legs and
off to the meat packer the next week. Where is the drug
testing of the meat in any of this?
A relatively new and popular way of
diagnosing bone injuries in horses is nuclear bone
scanning which results in an injection of low level
radioactive dye. The scan is based on the uptake of
these dyes. Guess who gets this the most? Track horses
and high performance horses. I don't know what the shelf
life of it is in a horse but they stay in clinic
for 24-48 hrs. I can't begin to imagine that oral
/gastronomical factors were ever considered for these
products as they were originally designed for human use,
and we don't eat people.....Does the FDA have a
contingency plan for the introduction of exposed
horse flesh to the European market? Do they even know to
test for it? After what is going on in London today, I
suspect that is the last thing any Frenchman wants on
his plate. Bon appetite! Except for the label that says
“not for human consumption” or “intended for slaughter”
is this issue addressed. With any drugs. If I were a
European, I wouldn't touch the stuff. American beef is
much safer than horse meat. Cows are generally not
treated for lameness. When ranchers who breed horses
like cows can no longer get 50cents a pound they will
start breeding responsibly. A horse life is not money in
the bank - It is a friend you paid for....The horse
market may drop out for a while, but then it should come
back with better quality and a better market based on
sound investment of knowledgeable breeding and care. Why
should anyone get paid to ruin and neglect a horse?
I have contacted both my senators
and I believe they are on board. My congressman is
unfortunately behind the times, but was up for
re-election and I did not vote for him. I have 4 horses
from top producing American and Polish sires. They were
cast offs of a bad market that lost its tax shelter. I
have a breeding to a top 10 stallion I can use. I will
not. There are plenty of good horses needing homes.
The most shocking thing that I have
read lately was about the girl who took her barrel horse
to slaughter. She was given a tour of the plant as if it
were his retirement home. I hope she stood there and
looked him in the eye. Two years ago, I lost a good mare
to a freak lightning storm. The other horses were
devastated. I let them say goodbye. One older gelding
would not even enter the pasture where she lay. He was
terrified and sniffing the air from 200 feet away. He
whinnied, bolted sideways, ran in circles and we took
him back to the barn. It was right then that I knew how
incredibly cognitive horses really are. I can't even
begin to imagine him in a processing plant. He would
have killed himself long before his final walk. Those
horses that do go all the way have incredible dignity
and trust of people. To bury the mare it cost me $70.00.
Many people who own heavy equipment are sympathetic to
the problem and will do it for very little cost. I am
wondering when and why news stations will ever show the
actual process of euthanasia of animals, and horses in
processing plants. How fast all of this would come to
an end. My mother could not even watch the video of the
PMU mares in barns wearing their urine collection
devices.
Really and truly, Americans who
love horses are being held emotional hostage by foreign
owned, American subsidized, European opportunists who
are exploiting
our free enterprise system. In essence, the French and
Belgian owned slaughter facilities are running and
setting the market value of the average American horse.
In a free country, American horse lovers have never
known a day that their every decision for their horses
has not been a carefully orchestrated attempt to keep
them out of the meat buyers’ hands. In over 100 years no
generation has ever had the pleasure of knowing it was
ok to sell a horse or give it away and it not end up at
a meat auction. I truly believe that if horse slaughter
was banned, then horse hoarding and neglect would go
away. We deserve that freedom from foreign intrusion. We
expect so much from our horse companion this is the
least we can do. Thank you for your consideration. |
To
understand more about the legal use of drugs in horses,
visit:
The Racing Medication and Testing Consortium, Inc.
and
RaceHorseDrugs.com
|
DRUGS
found or used
IN RACE HORSES
(From database of findings by the
California Horse Racing Board.)
Intentional Medication Abuse in Horse
Racing is Infrequent
(what is
important to remember is that most
medications in horses are allowed)
CHRB weekly
Medication Reports
FDA Import Alert
IA#68-08 --- 2/10/87
(re: drugs in race horses) |
|
Drug Name |
Horsemeat for
Human Consumption |
Indications of
Use |
|
Acepromazine |
Do not administer to horses for
human consumption |
Tranquilizer |
|
Albuterol |
Horse, not for meat production |
Bronchodilator |
|
Banamine |
Horse, not for meat production |
Inflammation and pain |
|
Benzocaine* |
|
|
|
Benzoylecgonine |
|
|
|
Betamethasone* |
|
|
|
Boldenone |
Horse, not for meat production |
(Equipoise)
treatment of debilitated horses to improve
condition |
|
Bromhexine* |
|
|
|
Butazolidin |
Horse, not for meat production |
Inflammation |
|
Butorphanol |
Horse, not for meat production |
Pain relief |
|
Caffeine* |
|
|
|
Cetirizine* |
|
|
|
Chlorcyclizine* |
|
|
|
Clenbuterol
(see more on clenbutorol
poisoning) |
Prohibited for use in food
animals |
Airway
obstruction management |
|
Dantrolene* |
|
|
|
Desmethylpryilamine* |
|
|
|
Detrorphan* |
|
|
|
Dexamethasone |
Horse, not for meat production
(Clinical
and experimental data have demonstrated that
corticosteroids administered orally or
parenterally to animals may induce the first
stage of parturition when administered during
the last trimester of pregnancy and may
precipitate premature parturition followed by
dystocia, fetal death, retained placenta, and
metritis.) |
Corticosteroid - inflammation
Drug type: Steroid hormone |
|
Dextromethorphan* |
|
|
|
Diclofenac |
Not for horses intended for human
consumption |
Pain and
inflammation |
|
Dipyrone/methylamioa |
Prohibited for use in food
animals |
|
|
Dmso* |
|
|
|
Ephedrine* |
|
|
|
Flumethasone |
Not for horses intended for human
consumption |
Inflammation |
|
Flunixin |
Prohibited in horses intended for
food |
anti-inflammatory |
|
Flupirtine* |
|
|
|
Furosemide |
Not for horses intended for human
consumption |
Lasix-
Diuretic used to control bleeding in
race horses |
|
Guaifensesin* |
|
|
|
Heptaminol* |
|
|
|
Hydroxyethyl* |
|
|
|
Hydroxydantrolene* |
|
|
|
Hydroxylidocaine* |
|
|
|
Hydroxymepivacaine* |
|
|
|
Hydroxypropranolol* |
|
|
|
Hydroxyxylazine* |
|
|
|
Hydroxyzine* |
|
|
|
Indomethacin* |
|
|
|
Isoflupredone |
Horses, not for meat
production |
|
|
Isoxsuprine* |
|
|
|
Ketoprofen |
Horse, excluding breeding stock
and not for food |
|
|
Lidocaine |
Horses, not for meat
production |
Anesthetic |
|
M | | | |